Factories act of 1948
Factories act of
1948
INTRODUCTION
The Factories Act,1948 (Act No. 63 of
1948), as amended by the Factories (Amendment) Act, 1987 (Act 20 of 1987) helps
in assisting in formulating the national policies if India with regards to the
occupational safety and health in factories at India. It deals with various
problems concerning safety, health, efficiency and well-being of the persons at
work places.
The Act
is applicable to any factory where ten or more workers are working or any
working day in the twelve months, and in any part of which a manufacturing
process is being carried on with the
power, or is ordinarily so carried on, or whereon twenty or more workers
are working, or were working on any day of the preceding twelve months, and in
any part of which a manufacturing process is being carried on without the aid
of power, or is ordinarily so carried on; but this does not include a mine, or
a mobile unit belonging to the armed forces of the union, a railway running
shed or a hotel, restaurant or eating place.
SUMMARY
The factories act of 1948 is divided
into 10 parts:
1. Preliminary:
This part starts with explaining various terms such as Adult, Child, week,
Power, day etc and then continues with the references of time of day, the power
they will have to declare different departments to be separate and also the
approval for licencing and registering of factories.
2. Inspectors:
This part explains the various ways in which the state Government may appoint
the inspector and the various power and role assigned to him. This part also
covers the aspect of certifying surgeons where the employees working under
hazardous equipment’s/environment.
3. Health:
This part covers the health conditions either internally or externally which
may affect the employees in the working conditions and reduce productivity. So
this part deals with the rules regarding Cleanliness, Disposal of waste,
Lighting, Drinking water, Ventilation and temperature etc.
4. Safety:
This part deals mostly with the machinery as to working conditions near
Machinery, Floors and stairs for access, casing new machinery, self-acting
machinery etc. This is also sub divided into another part which states the
provisions relating to Hazardous process.
5. Welfare:
This part deals with the welfare of the employees. They need to be provided
with shelters, creaches, First Aid, Rest rooms and lunch rooms etc.
6. Working
hours for Adults: Every Adult is bound to work for
few hours under this act. It clearly states the Daily and weekly hours of
working, Extra wages paid for over time, Night shifts etc.
7. Employment
of young persons: Firstly, it clearly states the
prohibition of employment of young children and then it explains about the
certification of fitness and the working hours for Children. If required, a
medical examination test can also be done.
8. Annual
leave and wages: This acts clearly states the
wages to be paid during the leave period, Payment can be made in advance in few
cases too and what would be the annual wages and leave structure
9. Safety
provisions and provisions: This refers to the Power
to apply the Act to certain premises, Power to exempt public institutions Dangerous
operations, Power to prohibit employment on account of serious hazard, Notice
of certain accident, Notice of certain dangerous occurrences, Notice of certain
diseases etc
10. Penalties
and Procedure: This part deals with the general
penalties for offences and any other kind of penalties under this act would
come in this part of the factories act.
References:
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